How Does an RV Water Pump Work | A Complete Guide

An RV water pump is a crucial plumbing component that delivers pressurized fresh water throughout the RV from the onboard water tank. When you open an RV faucet or shower, the water pump automatically turns on to pull water from the tank and push it through the lines to that fixture.

The pump builds pressure in the plumbing system so water can flow just like it would from a municipal water supply. This allows smooth, consistent water flow for showering, washing dishes, or flushing the toilet even while camping far off the grid. Having a reliable RV demand pump that turns on and off on demand is essential for comfortable RV living without access to external water.

A faulty RV water pump that fails to pressurize the system or cycles erratically can make basic water use frustrating or even impossible. Performing regular maintenance and knowing how the pump operates allows RVers to keep this key system running properly for secure water access wherever they roam.

A Brief Overview of RV Water Pumps

RV water pumps are vital components that make comfortable RV living possible while off the grid. An RV water pump’s job is to pull fresh water from the RV’s fresh water holding tank and push it with pressure to all the fixtures and plumbing lines. This allows water to flow securely from faucets, showers, sinks, and toilets even when no external fresh water source is available.

What is an RV Water Pump?

An RV water pump is a small electric pump installed in the RV’s plumbing system between the fresh water tank and the fixtures and appliances that use water. It serves a crucial function: delivering pressurized fresh water throughout the RV.

When you open a faucet or turn on a shower in your RV, the water pump automatically switches on to pull water from the fresh tank and push it through the plumbing lines leading to that fixture. This creates flowing pressurized water even though you aren’t hooked up to an external water source.

RV water pumps run off the RV battery and require electricity to operate. They are designed to turn on and off automatically as needed when fixtures are opened or closed. This “ demand” operation makes RV water pumps highly efficient.

Where is the RV Water Pump Located in an RV?

The RV water pump is installed in-line on the plumbing lines somewhere between the fresh water holding tank and the RV fixtures. Common locations are under the galley sink, in basement storage compartments, or in the water bay.

Look for a small electric pump typically labeled “water pump” mounted in-line on the plumbing pipes. There will also likely be a filter or small strainer on the inlet side to filter out debris before water enters the pump.

When to Turn Off RV Water Pump?

It’s a good idea to switch off your RV water pump whenever the RV is in motion or when you will not be using water for an extended period. This prevents unnecessary cycling and wear.

Also turn off the pump when the fresh water tank is empty to avoid damage. The pump may rapidly cycle on and off if it tries to draw from an empty tank.

When to Use an RV Water Pump?

Use your RV water pump whenever you need running water and are not hooked up to an external fresh water source. This includes:

– Boondocking or dry camping off the grid

– Overnighting in locations with no water/power hookups

– Camping or living off-grid without a direct city water supply

The water pump allows the fresh water tank to provide pressurized water just like municipal water pipes.

Duration to Run an RV Water Pump?

It’s fine to leave an RV demand water pump on continuously as long as the fresh water holding tank has a sufficient supply. The pump will automatically cycle on/off as needed when fixtures are opened.

However, turn the pump off when not actively using water to avoid unnecessary wear and cycling. Don’t let the pump run overnight or when away from the RV unless water is needed for a specific reason.

What is the Longevity of an RV Water Pump?

With proper installation and maintenance, most RV water pumps will provide reliable service for 2-4 years or longer. Higher end pumps may last 5+ years. But factors like pump quality, usage levels, and maintenance impact life expectancy.

Routinely inspect and service the pump to maximize longevity. Symptoms like loss of pressure indicate when repairs or replacement are needed.

Does an RV Water Pump Run Off Battery?

Yes, RV water pumps operate on 12-volt DC power provided by the RV battery bank. This allows the pump to work independently off-grid. Constant pressure pumps draw more steady power. Demand pumps only cycle on when the pressure drops.

Make sure your RV batteries are fully charged before dry camping and monitor voltage levels. Operating the water pump on an undercharged battery can prematurely kill your battery.

Types of an RV Water Pumps

There are two primary varieties of RV water pumps; demand pumps and constant pressure pumps. The type used in a given RV depends on factors like the pump’s location, the size of the RV, and user preference. But most RVs have simple demand pumps for their fresh water system.

1. Demand Water Pumps

Demand pumps, also called on-demand, automatic, or cycling pumps, are the most common type of RV fresh water pump. They operate “on demand” by using a pressure switch that turns the pump on when it senses a drop in water pressure indicating an open faucet or valve. The pump then pressurizes the lines and shuts back off when the pressure returns to normal.

Benefits of RV demand water pumps:

Energy efficient – turns on only when needed vs running continuously

Stops immediately when fixtures are closed to avoid wasted pumping

Types include centrifugal, turbine, and diaphragm pump models

Range from small 1.5 GPM units for minimal demand to larger 3-7 GPM pumps

Demand pumps are an inexpensive, low-power solution well-suited for smaller RVs with moderate fresh water needs.

2. Constant Pressure Water Pumps

Constant pressure pumps run continuously rather than cycling on and off. A pressure sensor with a wide activation range signals the pump to maintain a preset pressure level at all times. The pump runs even when outlets are closed.

Features of constant pressure RV water pumps:

– Provides steady pressure without pump cycling

– Require more power since they run non-stop

– Better for large RVs with high water demand

– Typically used for pressurized fresh water and gray/black tank drainage transfer

Constant pressure RV pumps ensure even flow at all fixtures. But they use more battery power than cycling demand pumps.

Components of an RV Water Pump

RV fresh water pumps contain two main components – the motor/body and a pressure switch – along with inlet/outlet plumbing connections. Understanding these core pump parts helps troubleshoot issues.

A. Main Pump Unit

This contains the small electric motor and the internal pump body. Two types of pump bodies are common:

1. Diaphragm Pump- Uses a flexible diaphragm that flexes back and forth to pump water. An inlet and outlet valve control water flow.

2. Piston Pump- Uses a spring-loaded piston that moves linearly to pressurize water on each stroke. Also has inlet/outlet valves.

Both pump designs generate water pressure on the output when the electric motor runs. The motor powers the moving diaphragm or piston.

B. Pressure Switch

This senses outlet water pressure and signals the pump motor when to turn on or off. It is preset to:

1. Turn on the pump when the pressure drops below a set point

2. Turn off the pump when pressure rises following pump activation

Adjustable pressure switches let users customize the pressure level. A bad switch can cause pump issues.

C. Inlet and Outlet Connections

These allow plumbing hookup on both ports:

1. Inlet brings water from the fresh tank into the pump

2. Outlet sends pressurized water downstream to fixtures

Using proper hose sizes and securing the connections prevents leaks and pressure loss.

Power Sources of an RV Water Pump

RV fresh water pumps mainly run on 12-volt DC power via the RV battery bank. But some setups can also use 120-volt AC current if available.

A. 12-Volt DC Systems

The typical RV water pump setup uses 12-volt DC power supplied by the RV batteries. Benefits include:

– No need for 120-volt shore power or generator electricity

– Allows pump operation anywhere off-grid

– DC-powered demand pumps sip minimal current when cycling

But constant pressure DC pumps draw steady amps which can quickly drain batteries. Always monitor your RV battery voltage levels while free camping and use a fully charged battery.

B. AC-Powered Pumps

Some RV plumbing systems can utilize 120-volt AC-powered water pumps when connected to shore power or running the generator.

Considerations of AC pump power:

– Provides constant pressure without battery drain

– Requires either a generator or hookup to 120-volt supply

– Allows heavy water use without depleting batteries

– Requires DC pumps as a backup for dry camping

AC-powered pumps provide high water flow when external power is available. But the 12-volt DC pump is still needed when off-grid.

How an RV Water Pump Works

To know how the RV water pump operates helps troubleshoot and prevent problems. Here’s a step-by-step overview of how an RV demand pump functions when you open a faucet:

A. Initiation of Water Flow

1. Turning on an RV faucet or fixture opens the valve allowing water to flow.

2. With the faucet open, pressure in the plumbing lines starts to decrease.

B. Pressure Drop and Pump Activation

1. The pressure switch on the pump senses this pressure drop when it falls below its preset turn-on threshold.

2. This low-pressure signal causes the pressure switch to activate the electric pump motor.

C. Pump Pressurization

1. The pump motor powers the internal diaphragm or piston mechanism to begin moving.

2. This pressurizes the water on the outlet side which the pump pushes into the plumbing lines.

D. Flow Initiation & Pump Shutoff

1. Pressurized water is forced through the lines towards the open fixture.

2. Water begins flowing from the faucet.

3. As pressure increases, the pressure switch eventually signals the pump to shut off once more.

This activation cycle causes an RV demand pump to run only as needed. When the faucet is closed, backpressure again allows the pump to stop.

RV Water Pump Controls

Know the adjustable controls allows customizing pump operation for optimal performance:

Pressure Switch- Adjusts the pressure setpoints where the pump turns on and off. This affects cycling frequency.

Flow Restrictor- Adjustable valve limits water flow rate to the output side. Reduces pressure and flow.

Pressure Regulator- Lets you preset the maximum pressure level the pump will produce before bypassing excess pressure.

Proper settings can resolve issues with frequent cycling, excess pressure, and low flow. Consult manufacturer guidelines when adjusting controls.

Maintaining and Troubleshooting an RV Water Pumps

Like any complex mechanism, RV water pumps require periodic maintenance and can develop issues over time. Catching problems early allows for quick repairs and avoids breakdowns at inopportune times.

A. Regular Maintenance

– Inspect and clean inlet filter/strainer – Clogged debris reduces flow.

– Check and tighten plumbing connections if leaks develop.

– Test pressure switch operation and continuity.

– Lubricate pump head components per guidelines.

– Drain and winterize the pump in cold weather.

Preventative maintenance reduces wear and the chance of unexpected failures down the road.

B. Common Troubleshooting Issues

1. Low/No Water Pressure

Pump strainer blocked

Air leak on inlet side
Worn pump valves or head
Debris blocking output side

Bad pressure switch

Solution: Check and clean strainer, inspect for inlet leaks, replace worn pump valves/seals, clear debris in lines, test/replace pressure switch.

2. Pump Cycles Too Frequently

Small leak in plumbing lines
Bad or stuck check valve
Pressure switch out of adjustment

Inlet/outlet plumbing reversed

Solution: Inspect for plumbing leaks, replace worn check valve, adjust pressure switch, verify inlet/outlet are connected properly.

3. Pump Doesn’t Turn On

Loose wiring connections
Blocked inlet strainer
Bad circuit breaker or fuse

Faulty motor or switch
Low battery charge

Solution: Check wiring connections, clean inlet strainer, test circuit breaker/fuse, inspect motor and pressure switch, recharge battery.

4. Pump Stays On

Bad pressure switch
Clogged outlet/lines

Tank empty while pump running
Tank air volume too low

Solution: Replace faulty pressure switch, clear outlet obstruction, refill tank, increase tank air volume.

5. Pump Runs but No Flow

Outlet line blocked
Airlock at outlet side

Inlet/Outlet reversed
Debris blocking pump

Solution: Clear outlet obstruction, bleed air from the outlet line, verify inlet/outlet orientation, remove debris from pump.

6. Noisy/Humming Pump

Bad mounting gasket
Loose fasteners

Worn bearings
Impeller damage

Solution: Replace mounting gasket, tighten loose fasteners, lubricate/replace bearings, inspect impeller and head components.

Pinpointing the specific cause allows proper correction to restore smooth pump function. Keep spare parts like strainers, valves, and seals on hand for field repairs if needed.

Benefits of Proper RV Water Pump Operation

Maintaining your RV water pump helps ensure:

– Pressurized on-demand water flow while dry camping off-grid

– Consistent pressure and flow to all fixtures

– Ability to run multiple water appliances simultaneously

– Quiet, energy-efficient operation without annoying pump cycling

– Long pump life with fewer breakdowns or expensive repairs

– A steady supply of fresh water for showering, washing, cooking, etc in remote areas

Proper pump operation allows comfortable and convenient access to water away from hookups and makes the RV lifestyle possible.

Upgrading and Enhancing RV Water Pumps

Sometimes it becomes necessary to upgrade the existing RV water pump to solve issues or meet changing demand. Newer pump technologies also allow for remote monitoring and innovative control options.

A. Upgrading Pump Capacity

Over time, pumps can wear out or increasing water usage may require higher flow rates. Consider upgrading pump capacity if:

– Current pump can’t keep up with demand

– Frequent dry camping leads to pump cycling too rapidly

– Larger RV with expanded fresh water storage added

– Water pressure/flow rate declines in some fixtures

Choose new pump based on:

– Size of RV and fresh water tank

– Number of fixtures using water simultaneously

– Peak demand scenarios like showering

– AC vs DC power option preferred

Measure flow rate of current pump and size the replacement accordingly.

B. Smart Pump Technologies

New RV water pump models offer:

– Wifi or Bluetooth connectivity for remote monitoring/control

– Integration with RV electrical and plumbing automation systems

– Built-in water tank level sensors

– Automatic shutoff when tank runs dry

– Heated pumps for cold weather operation

Smart pumps provide more pumping data and allow monitoring outside the RV via phone apps. This takes RV water system convenience to the next level!

Considerations While Choosing an RV Water Pump

When selecting an RV water pump, key factors to consider include:

– The pump pressure rating should match your RV’s plumbing needs, typically 40-60 psi.

– Match the pump’s gallons per minute (GPM) to the demand of your fixtures. Higher for more simultaneous use.

– 12V DC for off-grid use. Some pumps offer AC options.

– Self-priming pumps don’t require pre-filling, allowing flexible mounting.

– Rugged pump construction suits the vibration and frequent operation of RV use.

Right Size of Water Pump for an RV

Choosing the right sized RV water pump comes down to balancing pressure versus flow rate. The pump must produce adequate pressure (typically 40-60 psi) for proper fixture function, while also delivering sufficient flow capacity (GPM) to operate multiple appliances simultaneously.

Consider both pump pressure rating and flow rate based on RV size and fresh water demand. Oversizing the pump strains the electrical system while undersizing results in weak pressure and flow, especially with high demand.

Bottom Line

RV water pumps allow comfortable off-grid camping by providing pressurized flow from the onboard fresh tank. Proper maintenance and resolving any pressure issues keeps your RV’s water system ready for adventure. Investing in a quality demand pump suited to your RV lifestyle facilitates more off-grid camping far from crowded parks, giving you the freedom to explore distant scenic destinations with the security of fresh running water.